NEW JOB SALARY NEGOTATIONS

1 - Know the market place and comparable market rates
2 - Do not speak first - hold your tongue and wait 
3 - Wait until a concrete  offer is made
4 - Consider the entire package with fringe benefits.
4- Have concrete reasons at the ready which help the company; not you.
5 - Stay cool and calm.

GOOD LUCK!

I don't know where in the world you are looking for a job, but I will say that in the US it is getting harder to negotiate a large raise at the time of hire because of a new set of laws being put in around the country. The laws mandate equal pay for the same job, and many of the laws actually have provisions that say that an employer can not raise a salary outside of the original salary range just because someone says they have a better offer for more pay.

So, my suggestion is to ask what the salary range is for the role. Then say something like "it would make it really easy to say yes if you would make the starting salary (fill in a number slightly higher than what you were offered that is within the range they stated for the role)

If you are in US market followings can help -

1. Do your proper market research for the role. Ask within the market norms. Say if the market is offering $90K to 120K, you can ask for anything in between.
2. Never start this discussion first.
3. Consider the whole package - not your in-hand money.
4. You can also check ( if possible) how salary growth works in your employer's company.

When you are going for interview and want to negotiate for salary at that time you should consider to mention specific salary at the time of submitting offer reply before employer which start negotiations with employer. You should not commit too as employer often offers the job and salary simultaneously never say yes right away even if you like the offer. Always come back and try to get more tell them you'll give them an answer within a certain time frame. If you've been interviewing for other jobs, call those prospective employers, tell them about your offer and see if they can speed up the interview process or make you an offer. Knowing you have another offer will make you more attractive to them. By this you may get higher salary at interview.

Supply and demand plays a significant role. As unemployment falls the power shifts slightly towards the prospective employees and salaries rise.